North Korea and Iran: Decades of Military Cooperation
Military-technical cooperation between North Korea and Iran dates back to the 1980s and has intensified in recent years, despite comprehensive UN sanctions and international monitoring. Both states, viewing themselves as adversaries of the US-led world order, have mutually strengthened their capabilities through missile technology transfers, engineer exchanges, and joint development projects – with potential implications for regional stability in the Middle East and beyond. The Iran-Iraq War marked the beginning: North Korea supplied hundreds of Scud-B and Scud-C missiles, as well as complete production facilities, at the time. Iranian forces also received on-site technical support to maintain and replicate the systems independently. The 1990s saw the delivery of around 150 Nodong missiles, including production know-how. This led to the Iranian Shahab-3 family, which remains the backbone of Iran's medium-range missile forces to this day. North Korean specialists assisted in setting up manufacturing facilities and adapting the technology to Iranian carriers. A milestone was…


