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Ziegenpocken:  Ursachen, Symptome und Verbreitung

Die Ziegenpocken, wissenschaftlich als Goatpox bezeichnet, sind eine hoch ansteckende Viruserkrankung, die ausschließlich Ziegen betrifft und zu erheblichen wirtschaftlichen Verlusten in der Tierhaltung führen kann. Der Erreger, das Goatpox-Virus (GTPV), gehört zur Gattung der Capripoxviren innerhalb der Pockenviren-Familie (Poxviridae). Es ist eng verwandt mit dem Virus der Schafpocken und der Lumpy-Skin-Disease bei Rindern. Die Krankheit ist in tropischen und subtropischen Regionen endemisch und kann bei Ausbrüchen Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsraten von bis zu 90 Prozent verursachen, insbesondere bei jungen Tieren. Für den Menschen stellt sie kein Risiko dar, da sie streng tierartspezifisch ist. Im Folgenden werden die medizinischen Aspekte, die Verbreitungswege und die aktuelle Situation in Deutschland erläutert. Symptome und Verlauf der Infektion Die Inkubationszeit beträgt in der Regel 4 bis 14 Tage, nach denen die ersten Symptome auftreten. Betroffene Ziegen zeigen zunächst Fieber bis zu 41 °C, Lethargie, Appetitlosigkeit und… 

Zika-Virusinfektion:  Ursachen, Symptome und Verbreitung

The Zika virus is a pathogen from the Flaviviridae family, which also includes the pathogens for Dengue fever and Yellow fever. It was first isolated in Uganda in 1947 and causes no or only mild symptoms in most affected individuals. Nevertheless, it poses serious risks, especially for pregnant women and unborn children. This article explains the medical basics, describes the modes of transmission in detail, and highlights the current situation in Greece. Symptoms and course of infection The infection with the Zika virus is asymptomatic in about 80 percent of cases, making detection difficult. When symptoms occur, they usually begin 3 to 14 days after transmission and last for 2 to 7 days. Typical signs include a mild fever, a maculopapular rash with itchy skin, red eyes (conjunctivitis), muscle pain, joint pain, headache, and general malaise. These symptoms are similar to those of... 

Research team discovers overlooked layer of DNA that influences disease risk

Scientists at the Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) have uncovered a previously overlooked layer of genetic variation that could help explain why people experience diseases differently and why some treatments work better in certain populations. Tandem repeats are repetitive sections of a DNA strand that make up about seven percent of the human genome. The likelihood that these tandem repeats cause errors in gene function increases with each repetition. They are known to cause diseases such as Huntington's disease and play a role in many others, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and cardiomyopathy. A study led by SickKids now shows for the first time that, in addition to the length of the tandem repeat, subtle changes in the composition of short tandem repeats (STRs) can also have a major impact on how genes function. The study, published in Genome Biology by the research team, analyzed genome data from over 3,000 individuals from the general population and found that about seven percent of STRs in the human genome have variations... 

New test could speed up detection of three serious regional fungal infections

Bestimmte schwere Pilzinfektionen treten in Regionen der USA mit spezifischen Umweltbedingungen auf und stehen oft im Zusammenhang mit dem Kontakt zu Erde. Diese Infektionen können sowohl gesunde als auch immungeschwächte Menschen betreffen, doch die korrekte Diagnose erfolgt nach wie vor langsam, was die Behandlung verzögert. Der derzeitige Goldstandard für die Diagnose beruht auf der Pilzkultur, die Wochen dauern kann, und auf Tests zum Nachweis von Antigenen, die wenig spezifisch sind, oder von Antikörpern im Blut, die im Frühstadium der Erkrankung oft unzuverlässig sind. Forscher von Indiana University Health und der IU School of Medicine haben nun einen neuen molekularen Test entwickelt, der drei wichtige pathogene Pilze gleichzeitig nachweisen kann – und das deutlich schneller als herkömmliche Methoden. Die Arbeit wird auf der Jahrestagung und Ausstellung 2025 der Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) vorgestellt , die vom 11. bis 15. November in Boston… 

Neuer Molekulartest ermöglicht genauere und schnellere Lyme-Diagnose

Forscher am Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center haben einen molekularen Test entwickelt, der Borrelia burgdorferi früher und zuverlässiger nachweist als herkömmliche Verfahren. Die Methode basiert auf droplet digital PCR und könnte Fehldiagnosen vermeiden sowie die Behandlung beschleunigen. Lyme-Borreliose nimmt in den USA seit 30 Jahren zu, besonders im Nordosten, wo Zecken mit Borrelia burgdorferi von Spätfrühling bis Frühherbst aktiv sind. Unbehandelt drohen Gelenk-, Herz- und Nervenschäden. Das typische ringförmige Erythem tritt nur bei etwa 25 Prozent der Betroffenen auf, viele entwickeln Hautveränderungen, die andere Erkrankungen imitieren. Antikörpertests fallen in den ersten Infektionswochen oft negativ aus. Ausgangspunkt war eine 73-jährige Patientin mit über vier Jahre fortschreitender Hautverhärtung, Entzündung und Gelenksteife. Zunächst als Morphea eingestuft, sprach sie nicht auf Immunsuppressiva an, wohl aber auf Doxycyclin. Serologische Tests deuteten lediglich auf eine frühere Infektion hin. Das Team um Guohong Huang entwickelte drei ddPCR-Assays: einen… 

Leptin spielt doppelte Rolle bei Fettlebererkrankung MAFLD

A current review in the Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology summarizes the state of research on the role of the hormone leptin in metabolically associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). MAFLD is considered one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide and is closely related to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Leptin, a polypeptide consisting of 167 amino acids, is primarily produced by white adipose tissue and correlates with body fat mass. It binds to the receptor Ob-R, with the long isoform Ob-Rb mediating the central signaling effect. This is expressed in both the central nervous system and the liver. Animal models with leptin or receptor deficiency show severe fatty liver and insulin resistance. Signaling pathways include the activation of JAK2-STAT3 as well as PI3K/Akt and AMPK, which promote insulin sensitivity and fatty acid oxidation. Dysregulation leads to leptin resistance, which arises from increased SOCS3 expression and impaired transport across the blood-brain barrier. This exacerbates insulin resistance and fat accumulation in the…

Genes could predict suicide risk in depression

According to a new study published in Nature Genetics by researchers from the Karolinska Institutet, among others, depression in young adulthood has a stronger hereditary component and is associated with a higher risk of suicide attempts than depression that begins later in life. "We hope that genetic information can help medical professionals identify individuals at high risk of suicide who may need more support and closer follow-up," says Lu Yi, senior researcher at the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the Karolinska Institutet and one of the corresponding authors of the study. Depression is a common mental illness that can affect people at different stages of life. The new study shows that depression that begins before the age of 25 has a stronger hereditary component than depression that occurs later in life. Significant genetic differences The study, based on medical records and genetic data…

The American People Must Decide: Will Moral Leadership Yield to Donald Trump’s Epstein Entanglement?

The United States stands at a profound moral crossroads. The question is no longer whether Donald Trump, the 47th President, was merely acquainted with Jeffrey Epstein. Newly unsealed court documents, flight logs, and sworn testimonies from the Epstein network—now fully in the public domain—establish beyond reasonable doubt that Trump was not a passive bystander. He was a knowing participant in a circle that enabled the systematic abuse of minors. The American electorate, in choosing him again, must now confront an ethical dilemma of historic gravity: Does the nation surrender its foundational principles of accountability, protection of the vulnerable, and the rule of law in exchange for political expediency? This is not a partisan accusation. It is a demand for moral clarity. The evidence is not rumor, not conspiracy, not “fake news.” It is documented in federal court filings, victim statements,… 

Das KAIST KI Team schreibt Medizingeschichte Es entwickelt das weltweit erste KI Grundmodell für Medizin Credits KAIST

World First: AI Foundation Model for Global Medicine Launches

KAIST announced on November 14 that it has been selected as a key participating institution for the “Lunit Consortium” supervised by the Ministry of Science and ICT for the “Project to Develop a Specialized AI Foundation Model” and has officially begun developing an AI foundation model for the fields of medicine and life sciences. As part of this project, KAIST plans to develop a “specialized AI foundation model for medicine” that encompasses the entire lifecycle of bio and medical data, and aims to drive the creation of an AI-based innovation ecosystem for the life sciences. The “Lunit Consortium” includes seven companies—Lunit, Trillion Labs, Kakao Healthcare, Igenscience, SK Biopharm, and Rebellion—as well as nine medical and research institutions, including KAIST, Seoul National University, NYU, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, and Yonsei Severance Hospital. This consortium will be supported by 256 state-of-the-art B200 GPUs to develop and demonstrate a “Chain of Evidence-Based Full-Cycle Medical Science AI Model,” a…

Paleogenomics: Humans and Dogs Spread Together Across Eurasia

A genome study shows that over the last 10,000 years, various Eurasian cultures have maintained and spread genetically distinct dog populations. Dogs have been an integral part of human societies in Eurasia for at least 20,000 years, accompanying us through many social and cultural upheavals. A new study by an international team, published in the journal “Science” and led by Laurent Frantz, a paleogeneticist at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU) and Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), shows that the spread of new cultures with different lifestyles in Eurasia was often accompanied by the spread of specific dog populations. Scientists from Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), the Kunming Institute of Zoology and Lanzhou University in China, and the University of Oxford sequenced and analyzed the genomes of 17 ancient dogs from Siberia, East Asia, and the Central Asian steppe – including, for the first time, specimens from…